Youth of Meghalaya in Agriculture: A Boon or Burden

By Snehal Athawale and Ram Singh

A common stereotype persists that agriculture is primarily the domain of the older generation. Therefore, the demography of Indian agriculture is changing fast mainly because younger people are leaving farming. This is particularly noticeable among the youth from rural areas in the North East Region (NER) of India who are moving to cities for better-paying jobs. Findings from the State of Working India (SWI) report for 2023 shed light on this transformation. The report reveals a substantial increase in non-agricultural employment, signalling a significant migration of people away from agriculture. As India’s GDP has doubled, the share of agricultural employment has declined by 15.5 percentage points. India stands as a youthful nation with a median age of 28.2 years, distinguishing it from its neighbour China where a median age is 39 years. However, a pressing concern arises from the SWI report, which highlights the unemployment challenges faced by India’s young graduates. Shockingly, 42.3% of those under 25 years of age struggle to secure employment opportunities despite holding degrees.

In a concerning trend, the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2021-22 had revealed that most northeastern states in India are grappling with higher unemployment rates than the national average. However, the extent and nature of unemployment in the region remain inadequately understood. In reality, very few attempts have been made in the past to explain the diverse dimensions of unemployment at regional levels in India.  According to recent data from Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CMIE’s), the overall unemployment rate for the country decreased to 7.1% in September 2023, marking a significant drop from the 8.1% rate reported a month earlier in August.

In NER, the share of the youth population surpasses that of the country as a whole, both in rural and urban areas. Between 2001 and 2011, the youth population in the NER exhibited a growth rate of two percent annually. This demographic surge in the youth population can be a valuable resource if harnessed effectively but also a potential risk if mismanaged. Meghalaya’s youth demographic is particularly noteworthy, with over 74% falling within the under 35 years of the total state’s population. Acknowledging this, Meghalaya’s Chief Minister, Conrad K. Sangma, emphasized, “The demand for jobs is substantial, and it is not feasible for the Government to readily accommodate everyone.” Accordance with this challenge, the strategic absorption of exuberance of youth in agriculture and allied sectors, often referred to as agripreneurship, assumes a pivotal role. Meghalaya’s diverse climate, agrobiodiversity and a fertile landscape provide a robust foundation for a variety of crops and associated enterprises. The state is the habitat for numerous indigenous fruits like Sohphie, Sohiong, Khasi mandarin, Kew pineapples etc., while also being a hub for its culinary odyssey. Earlier, Lakadong turmeric, Garo Dakmanda (traditional dress), Larnai pottery and Garo Chubitchi (alcoholic beverage) has been awarded with Geographical Indication (GI) tag which underscore the state’s commitment to preserving its cultural identity. With these opportunities, the youth stand poised as a boon to agriculture, equipped with the potential to elevate traditional practices with the age-old wisdom in the state.

However, as India’s agriculture undergoes a significant transformation, there remains a potential concern about retaining youth in the farming sector. A quote from Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, one of world’s most distinguished agricultural scientists captures this challenge, “In the coming years, one of the biggest challenges for Indian agriculture would be retaining its youth in agriculture. Unless farming becomes both intellectually stimulating and economically rewarding, it will be difficult to attract or retain rural youth in farming.”

Grasping these challenges, the Government of India introduced the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) in May 2020, with a goal of investing in agriculture-related infrastructure. Meghalaya secured INR 190 crore for this scheme in 2020-21. The AIF actively encourages private and public investments in various facets of agriculture infrastructure, including irrigation, transportation, and post-harvest facilities. Along with this, the Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture (ARYA) project is implemented in Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya.

Recognizing these issues, Meghalaya’s government also took a significant step in July 2021 by approving the Meghalaya Youth Policy, 2021 by acknowledging the enormity of the job demand in the state. Recently, the government launched the flagship program CM Elevate, designed to promote entrepreneurship and job creation in the state. Over the next five years, the program will support 20,000 beneficiaries with a total investment of INR 300 crore ($40 million). While commendable programs like PRIME (Promotion and Incubation of Market-Driven Enterprises) and Chief Minister’s E-Champion Challenge, the state earned recognition as a Top Performer State at the National Startup Awards, 2022 held as part of the National Startup Day celebrations recently.

FOCUS (Farmers Collectivization for Upscaling Production and Marketing System) is already underway in the state, targeting youth engagement in agriculture and agripreneurship, there still remains an apparent need to infuse allure and enthusiasm into the agricultural sector for the purpose of retaining the youth within it. Altogether, a comprehensive evaluation of the ongoing policies and programs, both at the micro and macro levels is needed. This necessity further emphasizes the call for the establishment of specific, results-driven programs and policies dedicated to addressing this issue.

Snehal Athawale is a Ph.D. Scholar (Agricultural Economics), School of Social Sciences, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Economics, Umiam, Meghalaya.

Ram Singh is a Professor (Agricultural Economics), School In charge of School of Social Sciences, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Economics, Umiam and Dean College of Agriculture, Kyrdemkulai, Meghalaya.

Govt waiting on response from HNLC leadership

Staff Reporter

Shillong, Sept 14: Chief Minister Conrad K Sangma today said the government is waiting for the response from leaders of the proscribed Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC) before deciding on how to move forward with the ongoing peace talks.

“We are waiting for (HNLC’s) response. As and when we are able to get that response we will decide on how to move forward,” Sangma told reporters.

“As I said in talks like these we need to ensure there is movement from all the sections. All the stakeholders need to have a certain level of commitment to the whole discussion. Therefore, as we move forward in discussion mode there are certain areas of concern, some from their side and some from our side and we are all working on that,” he said.

“We have communicated to all of them through our interlocutor and we are waiting for a response from their side,” he added.

The Chief Minister said that the NIA case against HNLC leaders is an old case.

“It is an ongoing process and it is not from the State side, it is from the Centre side and we have already passed on the information to them and that is why I am saying as the talks go forward different areas and different conditions and different talks can be held with the stakeholders from the Central government, from State government and from their side and we will figure out how to move forward,” he said.

“But as I said it is a process and since multiple stakeholders are involved we need to clarify from every side so this will go on,” Sangma said while stating that “yes it is a concern and we have raised it with Delhi also.”

COVID claims another life in West Garo Hills

A 46-year-old man, who was tested Covid-19 positive died in West Garo Hills District on Friday.

This was informed by Health Minister Ampareen Lyngdoh after reviewing the Covid scenario in the state.

“A death has occurred in West Garo Hills. He (the deceased patient) came very late to the hospital,” Lyngdoh told reporters.

She however said, “Whether or not this one case was a case of death due to Covid directly or was it because of some other comorbidity status of the patient will be ascertain at the earliest.”

The minister also requested people to reach out to the nearest facility if they feel that their symptoms are way beyond their redressal as early detection and redressal of the problem is very important.

As of today, the death toll due to Covid in Meghalaya is over 1626.

Lyngdoh also informed that the death audit committee is already in place and said, “We will ensure that we will send all details to the audit committee to ensure whether or not it was a direct Covid related death.”

Stating that the government do not want to panic the public, the minister however said in the event of this one case, the government would like to take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the disease.

As on Friday, the state has a total of 17 active Covid cases of which 10 are in West Garo Hills, 5 in East Khasi Hills and 2 in West Jaintia Hills.

Also stating that Covid cases are well under control, Lyngdoh said that there has been no sign that this would take a pandemic situation again adding that “we feel that this is not going to happen but nevertheless one death has occurred, we thought that we should share this with you.”

She further announced that the health department has requested for immediate implementation of all precautionary measures and said, “We request the public at large to kindly adhere to Covid practices so that we may be able to contain the situation and ensure that it does not become a problem. Please wear masks in crowded places, cough with etiquette, wash your hands, use sanitisers.

People with symptoms like cough, fever, sore throat, loss of taste, smell, breathlessness or other respiratory symptoms should immediately reach out to the first testing centres. Testing centres are made available at all block levels, all tertiary care centres will have all these facilities.”

The minister also assured that the state is in a prepared stage to tackle the Covid situation in the state and said people coming from areas with high positivity rate are requested to take personal precautionary measures which include self-isolation.

With regards to the availability of vaccines in Meghalaya, Lyngdoh informed that a meeting will be chaired by Chief Minister Conrad K Sangma on Monday next, to take a call on the matter.

“Now, the policy on vaccines will be again taken up on Monday when the chief minister will also be available to advise us accordingly, we will then give further information as to what will be the stand of this government on the vaccines,” she said while informing that the Government of India had already indicated it is not going to provide any vaccines and that vaccines or ‘the third dose or booster dose’ will have to be procured by the state.

The minister said, “Covid vaccine is a voluntary decision taken by the citizens. We cannot push or force doses on citizens until and unless they so wish to. So we leave it to the public to decide that is why we are yet to take a call as to what will be the formula that the government would propose. We will be sitting with the chief minister on Monday and we will have a better detail for you at that point of time.”

She however maintained that the covid vaccine has never been made compulsory for the public and that it is purely voluntary on the part of the citizens.

If the government will impose some restrictions on inter-district movement, the minister said, “I don’t want to jump the gun and presume that this situation will completely get out of hand. We will not take any immediate decision but appropriate precautionary measures have been advised to all citizens across the board.”

Meanwhile, the minister also informed that there has been no new variant detected in the cases registered in the state.

“Everything remains the same. Covid is Covid. The variant also remains the same variant, there has been no identification of a new variant or a new type of Covid that will require additional protocol,” she added.

According to her, only few patients out of 17 are being hospitalized and kept in the isolation ward but nobody is being admitted in the ICU.